PPE packaging carries a dense set of ratings, and buying the wrong grade because a label looked reassuring is a genuine risk. This guide explains the ratings you will encounter most often.
Surgical Mask Types
Type I masks filter at least 95 percent of bacteria and are intended for patients and visitors. Type II filters at least 98 percent. Type IIR adds splash resistance, which is what makes it the standard choice for clinical procedures where fluid exposure is possible. If you are buying one mask type for a clinical setting, Type IIR is usually the correct answer.
BFE and PFE
Bacterial filtration efficiency measures the percentage of bacteria sized particles the material captures. Particle filtration efficiency measures smaller particles. A high BFE with no stated PFE tells you the mask handles droplets but says nothing about fine aerosols.
Respirators
N95 respirators filter at least 95 percent of airborne particles and are designed to seal against the face. A respirator only performs to its rating if it seals, which is why fit checking matters and why facial hair defeats the protection entirely.
Glove AQL
Acceptable quality level describes the permitted pinhole rate in a batch. A lower number is better. An AQL of 1.5 is the common standard for examination gloves. Surgical gloves are typically supplied at AQL 0.65 or better.
Gown Materials
Gown protection is described by material weight and fluid resistance. A 40 gsm SMS gown is suitable for general isolation use. Higher fluid exposure requires a reinforced or laminated gown.
Buying Practically
Match the rating to the actual exposure in each area rather than buying the highest grade for the whole site. Standardise sizes and hold a defined buffer stock of each, because PPE shortages escalate faster than any other consumable category.